Harding Bible Organ

Article

Walter Chinaglia, "The Recreation of the Harding Bible Organ"
The Galpin Society Journal LXXVIII (March 2025)

Abstract:
This article illustrates the author’s recreation of the Medieval organ depicted in the Stephen Harding Bible (Dijon, Bibliothè€que Municipale, MS 14, vol.3 fol.13), a manuscript created in Burgundy in the early twelfth century.
Considered in the light of medieval drawing techniques, the image conceivably represents a realistic organ in its salient points.
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In order to achieve an historically-informed reconstruction of the organ, most notably the windchest and conical pipes, reference was made to the coeval treatise De diversis artibus or Schedula diversarum artium by Theophilus. The lengths of the organ pipes, their arrangement on the windchest and the lineup of their mouths, all correspond to the illustration. It follows that the image should be regarded as one of the earliest documentary evidences of an organ with variable widths-scaling.
Some questions concerning the sound of the organ remain, most notably were the pairs of equal-length pipes tuned in unison or slightly mistuned, resulting in an undulating sound? Would this oscillation or beating effect be a plausible sound model for medieval organs? And could it be considered as a precursor of the Italian Renaissance organ stop, the ‘Voce Umana’?
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Short Video

"Recreation of the Harding Bible Organ"

Audiovisual production by Sol Capasso
(7 minutes)

Conference

"Passi verso la comprensione delle canne di bronzo del Tesoro di Betlemme"
JERUS-IT-ARTS Between Italy and Jerusalem
13-14 November 2025, Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera, Milano
By Walter Chinaglia and Claudia Caffagni
(246 minutes)